Molecular diagnosis of bladder cancer from urine

Daniel Tam Chuen-Chu¹, Li Yuen-Yan¹, Kwok Ying-Kin¹, Chris Wai Kin-Lung¹ and Stephen Lo Tsui-Hoi²

¹Genepath Technology Limited
²Department of Pathology, Princess Margaret Hospital

Bladder cancer was the seventh most common cancer in Hong Kong in 2004.¹ Many of the tumor markers of bladder cancer can be found in urine. An ideal marker should be objective, highly sensitive and specific, noninvasive and easy to interpret. The current standard noninvasive bladder cancer marker ¡V urine cytology, has relatively high specificity but with low sensitivity, and these can be as low as 73% and 37% respectively.² Therefore, a number of literatures reported different approaches to increase the sensitivity and specificity of the tests.....

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